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无水砂卵石地层盾构常压开仓脱困技术
张星南
（北京市政建设集团有限责任公司，北京 100000）
［摘 要 ］ 北京某地铁隧道采用交叠盾构法施工。由于下层盾构隧道加固影响，需断续掘进，每次掘进
有数天停机过程。在一次停机40 h后，对盾构机进行保压时，发现刀盘抱死。此时盾构机埋深为12.3 m，所
处地层为卵石⑤。为保证掌子面土体稳定性，采取土舱清理与开挖面支护同期进行的措施。在完全清空土
舱后刀盘试转，刀盘外周行程达20 cm后停止转动，标志着刀盘脱困成功。之后自下而上撤出掌子面支护措
施，同时用聚氨酯泡沫袋和膨润土泥浆回填土舱，土舱填满后关闭人舱门，继续加入膨润土泥浆，建立土
压后盾构机试掘进，完成该次脱困处理。
［关键词 ］ 盾构；泥饼；刀盘抱死；常压开仓；脱困
［中图分类号］ U 231.3 ［文献标志码］ B ［文章编号］ 1001 -523X （2022 ）13-0095 -04
NORMAL PRESSURE OPENING AND DIFFICULTY RELIEF TECHNOLOGY OF TBM IN
ANHYDROUS SANDY PEBBLE STRATUM
Zhang Xing-nan
［Abstract ］ A subway tunnel in Beijing is constructed by overlapping shield method, due to the influence of
lower shield tunnel reinforcement, the construction needs to be stopped for several times for several days. After 40
hours of a shutdown, when maintaining the pressure of shield machine the cutter head torque reaches the maximum,
the cutter head is locked. when the machine is buried deeply 12.3 m, in formation for pebble 5. Continuous
construction and emptying of earth bin mud cake , at the same time , support the face of the tunnel. After completely
emptying the soil bin , try to turn the cutter head , and stop rotating after the peripheral stroke reaches 20 cm , which
marks the success of the cutter head. Then the support measures from the bottom to the top were withdrawn from the
support surface. At the same time , polyurethane foam bags and bentonite slurry were used to fill the soil bin. After
filling the earth bin , the hatch door was closed m, and the bentonite slurry was added to build the earth pressure to
shield the machine.
［Keywords ］ shield; mud cake; cutterhead is locked; normal pressure opening; shake off difficulty
盾构法已经是地下隧道施工的一种成熟的方法，
但由于地质条件的复杂性，盾构施工也时常出现泥
饼、滞排和喷涌等故障现象。一般情况下，刀盘泥饼
出现在粘质土层或强风化地层中，但北京某地铁工
程，在砂卵石地层中出现结泥饼抱死刀盘现象。
1 刀盘抱死情况简介
北京某地铁工程采用交叠盾构法施工。右线埋深
范围12.04~22.01 m，左线埋深范围20.60~24.7 m。右
线在上，左线在下，左线先行贯通，在掘进右线时，
由于下方左线加固施工影响，每个作业循环盾构需停
机10~15 d。停机定时对土舱进行保压，保压方法为
加泥浆0.5 m 3，加泡沫0.3 m 3，向前推进10 cm左右。
右线盾构机在一次停机40 h后，对土舱进行保压
时，刀盘扭矩达到最大值时刀盘仍不能转动，发生刀
盘抱死故障。
右线停机前施工一环推进时，土舱上部压力
0.05~0.07 MPa，停机时达到0.16 MPa，盾构推力
在 25 000~30 000 kN，停机时推力为30 000 kN，刀
盘扭矩3 000~6 000 kNm，停机时达到5 800 kNm，
泥浆加入量 3.5 m 3，泡沫加入量 1.2 m 3，推进速度
60
无水砂卵石地层盾构常压开仓脱困技术（论文）.pdf
