民吾同胞,物吾与也——宋明心物关系论对城市规划价值观的启示（论文）.pdf

民 吾 同 胞 ， 物 吾 与 也 — — 宋 明 心 物 关 系 论 对 城 市 规 划 价 值 观 的 启 示 PEOPLE ARE MY BROTHERS AND ALL THINGS ARE MY KIND：SUGGEST10NS TO URBAN PLANNING ＼，ALUES FROM THE THEORY OF MIND AND MATTER IN SONG AND MING DYNASTIES 陈 晓 东 CHEN Xiaodong 【摘要】在简单回顾西方和中国城市规划历史的 基础上，提出在 “勘天役物”的西方精神之下， 城市规划价值观的演变是由利益而价值的被动调 适过程，存在强调价值功用却忽视价值本体的问 题。作为补充，试图引入宋明心物关系论中 “民 胞物与”的思想，找到一 条由道德而价值的城 市规划价值论建构路径。首先，介绍了 “民吾同 胞、物吾与也”的基本涵义，从 “一体之仁”和 “差等之爱”两个层 面分析了其从人类固有道德 情感出发，把 “我”与他人外物看作一体相关的 整体，主张爱万物并合理取用万物的思想内核； 其次，指 出中西思想在价值本体建构和价值实践 的 “体” “用”两个层 面各具优缺点，并提 出中 西互补，共同建立道德与知识结合的 “良知上的 城市规划价值观”的设想。在此基础上，结合中 国古代的仁政、风水、伦理等级等思想和西方社 会学、经济学、生态学等，详细论述了发挥 中西 所长，建立城市规划 “民生”和 “环境”价值观 的必要性和可能性，并提 出通过制度创新和知识 探 索来建构这一价值观。最后，作为结论，总结 了中西思想在城市规划价值观建构上殊途同归、 取长补短的必然，提出从 “民胞物与”出发融铸 规划师的道德、律条、操守、智慧、信仰等 “五 常”的理想。 【关键词】民胞物与；勘天役物；城市规划价值 观；道德 ；体用 ABSTRACT：On the basis of tracing back the urban planning history of both Western world and China briefly,it is argued that，under the inference of Western spirit of taming nature(kan-tian-yi- wu in Chinese idiom)．the development of urban planning values follows a passive adjusting path from interests to values，which emphasizes the practical use ofvalues but overlooks its ontology．As a complementary way,this paper tried to introduce the ideology of min—bao—wu—yu(a Chinese idiom means people are my brothers and aIl things are mykinds)inthetheory ofmindandmatterin Song and Ming Dynasties to explore a way from morality to urban planning values．Firstly,the fundamental ideas of min-bao-、^ -yn are specified on both levels of equal benevolence and hierarchical love，which regard oneself and everyone and everything else as a holistic entirety and advocate loving the whole world of creation on the one hand and properly using it on the other hand．Secondly,it points out that when it comes to the ontology construction and practical use of values，Chinese and Western ideologies have both advantages and disadvantages respectively．Through the idea of complementing Chinese and Western superiority,the suggestion of constructing a kind of urban planning values based on intuitive knowledge which could combine morality and knowledge is provided．Accordingly,the urban planning values of livelihood and environment together with the possibility and necessity of their constructing are discussed through reviewing Chinese and Western wisdom such as policy of benevolence，feng-shui， ethics and hierarchical order in Chinese traditional culture and sociology，economics，ecology originated in western history．It is also proposed to construct these values through institutional innovation and knowledge exploration．As a conclusion，based on demonstrating the inevitability of the complementation and convergence tendency of Chinese and Western way in the construction of urban planning values，the idea of making five fundamental rules of urban planner,i．e．，morality, law,integrity，wisdom，and faith are advocated， generating from the essence of min-bao-wu—yn． KEYWORDS：min·-bao-wu-yu；kan tian··yi·-wu； 15 【文章编号】1o02—1 329 (2016)1 1-001 5-06 【中图分类号】TU984；B244 【文献标识码】A [doil 10 11819／c~20161104a 【作者简介】 陈晓东(1 978-)．男，博 士．东南大学建筑学院副 教授．注册城市规划师。 【收稿日期】2016-06-30